Terry Nicholls
Thousands of types of bacteria are naturally present in our environment. Not complete bacteria cause disease in humans (for example, some bacteria are used beneficially in making cheese and yogurt). However, the prime causes of food-borne illness include parasites, viruses, and bacteria much as:
1. E. coli O157:H7
2. Campylobacter jejuni
3. Salmonella
4. Staphylococcus aureus
5. Listeria monocytogenes
6. Clostridium perfringens
7. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
8. Vibrio vulnificus
9. Hepatitis A virus, and
10. Norwalk and Norwalk-like virus
Bacteria that cause disease are called pathogens. These organisms can become unwelcome guests at the dinner table. When certain pathogens enter the food supply, they can cause food-borne illness. They're in a wide range of foods, including meat, milk and opposite dairy products, spices, chocolate, seafood, and even water. Millions of cases of food-borne illness occur each year.
Most cases of food-borne illness can be prevented. superficial food handling sets the stage for the growth of disease- causing "bugs." For example, tropical or cold foods left standing too long at room temperature provide an ideal climate for bacteria to grow. Proper cooking or processing of food destroys bacteria.
Fresh does not always mean safe. The organisms that cause food poisoning aren't the ones that cause spoilage. Wax often coats certain kinds of produce, such as apples and cucumbers, and may trap pesticides. To remove the wax, wash with very thinned dish detergent and a soft unimproved brush, or peel (the best nutrients are often in the peel, however).
Foods may be cross mercury-contaminated when cutting boards and kitchen tools that have been used to prepare a contaminated food, such as injured chicken, aren't clean before being old for another food, such as vegetables.
How Bacteria Get In Food
Bacteria may be present on products when you buy them. Plastic-wrapped boneless chicken and ground meat, for example, were once part of liveborn chicken or cattle. Raw meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs aren't sterile. Neither is fresh produce such as lettuce, tomatoes, sprouts, and melons. Foods, including safely cooked, ready-made foods, can become cross contaminated with bacteria transferred from raw products, meat juices or opposite contaminated products, or from food handlers with poor own hygiene.
Unpasteurized fruit and moss-like juices and ciders, foods made with raw or undercooked eggs, chicken, tuna, potato and macaroni salads, and cream-filled pastries harboring these pathogens have also been implicated in food-borne illnesses, as has fresh produce.
Poultry is the food most often contaminated with disease- causing organisms. It's been estimated that 60 percent or more of raw poultry oversubscribed at retail probably carries some disease-causing bacteria.
Bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella have been found in injured seafood. Oysters, clams, mussels, scallops, and cockles may be contaminated with hepatitis A virus.
If you have a health problem, especially one that may have damaged your immune system, don't eat injured shellfish and use only pasteurized milk and cheese, and pasteurized or congregate ciders and juices.
Keep It Clean
The cardinal rule of safe food preparation in the domestic is: Keep everything clean.
The cleanliness rule applies to the areas where food is prepared and, most importantly, to the cook. Wash hands with warm water and soap for at least 20 seconds before protrusive to prepare a meal and aft handling raw meat or poultry. Cover long hair with a net or scarf, and be sure that some open sores or cuts on the hands are completely covered. If the sore or punctured is infected, stay out of the kitchen.
Keep your work area clean and uncluttered. Be sure to wash the countertops with a solution of 1 teaspoon chlorine bleach to about 1 quart of water or with a commercialised kitchen-cleaning agent thinned according to product directions. They're the most effective at getting rid of bacteria.
Also, be sure to keep dishcloths and sponges clean because, when wet, these materials harbor bacteria and may promote their growth. Wash dishcloths and sponges weekly in the washing machine in hot water.
While you're at it, sanitize the kitchen sink drain periodically by running down the sink a solution of one teaspoon bleach to one quart of water or a commercial cleaning agent. Food particles get trapped in the drain and disposal and, along with moistness, create an ideal environment for bacterial growth.
Use silky cutting boards ready-made of hard maple or plastic and free of cracks and crevices. Avoid boards made of soft, porous materials. Wash cutting boards with hot water, soap, and a scrub brush. Then, sanitize them in an automatic dishwasher or by rinsing with a solution of 1 teaspoon chlorine bleach to about 1 quart of water.
Always wash and sanitize cutting boards after using them for raw foods, such as seafood or chicken, and before using them for other foods. Consider using cardinal cutting board single for foods that will be cooked, such as injured fish, and other only for ready-made foods, such as bread, fresh fruit, and cooked fish. Visit The unkind Board Factory for a great selection of food-safe unkind boards.
Always use clean utensils and wash them between cutting diametric foods.
Wash the lids of canned foods before opening to keep dirt from getting into the food. Also, clean the blade of the can opener aft each use. Food processors and meat grinders should be taken apart and cleaned as soon as possible aft they're used.
Don't put grilled meat on an unwashed plate or platter that has held raw meat.
Wash new fruits and vegetables thoroughly, rinsing in warm water. Don't use soap or other detergents. If necessary (and appropriate) use a miniscule scrub brush to remove surface dirt.
Keep your kitchen clean and bacteria-free. Clean kitchen surfaces with tropical soapy water using antibacterial sponges and soaps.
The sponges themselves should be bacteria-free. Microwave them for active a minute to keep them immaculate and dry.
Keep benches, unkind boards, knives, pans or other utensils clean.
Copyright (c) Terry Nicholls. All Rights Reserved.
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